Tatiana Ruhl W
womens 27–41 · mixed 33–55
+0.8 (-1.6…+2.7)
pts vs avg pairing (90% interval)
#167
of 204 active women (within gender only)
60–96
career record · 38% wins, 44% of points
Skill trajectory
Monthly posterior value (converted to points vs an average
pairing) with a 90% credible band. Flat months = little evidence, not zero
games.
2024-01 · +0.1 pts (90% band -1.8 to +1.4) 2024-02 · +0.0 pts (90% band -1.7 to +1.2) 2024-03 · +0.0 pts (90% band -1.7 to +1.2) 2024-04 · +0.0 pts (90% band -1.6 to +1.1) 2024-05 · +0.1 pts (90% band -1.5 to +1.2) 2024-06 · +0.1 pts (90% band -1.4 to +1.2) 2024-07 · +0.2 pts (90% band -1.4 to +1.3) 2024-08 · +0.2 pts (90% band -1.3 to +1.4) 2024-09 · +0.3 pts (90% band -1.2 to +1.4) 2024-10 · +0.4 pts (90% band -1.1 to +1.5) 2024-11 · +0.4 pts (90% band -0.9 to +1.5) 2024-12 · +0.5 pts (90% band -0.9 to +1.6) 2025-01 · +0.5 pts (90% band -0.8 to +1.6) 2025-02 · +0.5 pts (90% band -0.8 to +1.5) 2025-03 · +0.6 pts (90% band -0.5 to +1.6) 2025-04 · +0.8 pts (90% band -0.3 to +1.8) 2025-05 · +0.8 pts (90% band -0.3 to +1.8) 2025-06 · +0.9 pts (90% band -0.3 to +1.9) 2025-07 · +0.8 pts (90% band -0.4 to +1.9) 2025-08 · +0.8 pts (90% band -0.5 to +1.9) 2025-09 · +0.8 pts (90% band -0.6 to +1.9) 2025-10 · +0.8 pts (90% band -0.6 to +1.9) 2025-11 · +0.8 pts (90% band -0.6 to +1.9) 2025-12 · +0.8 pts (90% band -0.7 to +2.0) 2026-01 · +0.8 pts (90% band -0.8 to +2.1) 2026-02 · +0.8 pts (90% band -0.8 to +2.1) 2026-03 · +0.8 pts (90% band -0.9 to +2.2) 2026-04 · +0.8 pts (90% band -1.0 to +2.3) 2026-05 · +0.8 pts (90% band -1.1 to +2.4) 2026-06 · +0.8 pts (90% band -1.3 to +2.4) 2026-07 · +0.8 pts (90% band -1.3 to +2.5) 2026-08 · +0.8 pts (90% band -1.5 to +2.6) 2026-09 · +0.8 pts (90% band -1.5 to +2.6) 2026-10 · +0.8 pts (90% band -1.6 to +2.7) -2 +0 +2 2024 2025 2026 pts vs avg pairing
Game log vs expectation
Dots = share of points actually won in each game; line = what
the model expected given both pairings that month (weakest-link included;
descriptive, not a frozen forecast).
2024-01-09 PPA · 5-11 · vs Guillebeaux/Holderman · w/ Jonny Pickleball Andrews · model expected 43% of points 2024-01-09 PPA · 10-12 (OT) · vs Guillebeaux/Holderman · w/ Jonny Pickleball Andrews · model expected 43% of points 2024-01-10 PPA · 11-9 · vs Kong/Biakina · w/ Sabrina Guillebeaux · model expected 44% of points 2024-01-10 PPA · 12-10 (OT) · vs Kong/Biakina · w/ Sabrina Guillebeaux · model expected 44% of points 2024-01-11 PPA · 5-11 · vs Todd/Glozman · w/ Sabrina Guillebeaux · model expected 16% of points 2024-01-11 PPA · 2-11 · vs Todd/Glozman · w/ Sabrina Guillebeaux · model expected 16% of points 2024-02-20 PPA · 11-9 · vs Bramblett/Turkovic · w/ Claudio Quinones Garcia · model expected 54% of points 2024-02-20 PPA · 6-11 · vs Bramblett/Turkovic · w/ Claudio Quinones Garcia · model expected 54% of points 2024-02-20 PPA · 11-4 · vs Bramblett/Turkovic · w/ Claudio Quinones Garcia · model expected 54% of points 2024-02-20 PPA · 12-10 (OT) · vs Berry/Donahue · w/ Audrey Adele Brown · model expected 56% of points 2024-02-20 PPA · 11-9 · vs Berry/Donahue · w/ Audrey Adele Brown · model expected 56% of points 2024-02-20 PPA · 9-11 · vs Scarpa/Erokhina · w/ Claudio Quinones Garcia · model expected 25% of points 2024-02-20 PPA · 1-11 · vs Scarpa/Erokhina · w/ Claudio Quinones Garcia · model expected 25% of points 2024-02-21 PPA · 13-11 (OT) · vs Lim/Turkovic · w/ Audrey Adele Brown · model expected 50% of points 2024-02-21 PPA · 4-11 · vs Lim/Turkovic · w/ Audrey Adele Brown · model expected 50% of points 2024-02-21 PPA · 11-9 · vs Lim/Turkovic · w/ Audrey Adele Brown · model expected 50% of points 2024-02-22 PPA · 1-11 · vs Padegimaite/Buckner · w/ Audrey Adele Brown · model expected 18% of points 2024-02-22 PPA · 1-11 · vs Padegimaite/Buckner · w/ Audrey Adele Brown · model expected 18% of points 2024-03-13 PPA · 2-11 · vs Hovenier/Vogel · w/ Tavon Morrow · model expected 36% of points 2024-03-13 PPA · 5-11 · vs Hovenier/Vogel · w/ Tavon Morrow · model expected 36% of points 2024-03-16 PPA · 0-11 · vs Radzikowska/Castillo · w/ Samantha Parker · model expected 29% of points 2024-03-16 PPA · 6-11 · vs Radzikowska/Castillo · w/ Samantha Parker · model expected 29% of points 2024-04-10 PPA · 5-11 · vs Zilveti/Kerr · w/ Naveen Beasley · model expected 58% of points 2024-04-10 PPA · 11-2 · vs Zilveti/Kerr · w/ Naveen Beasley · model expected 58% of points 2024-04-10 PPA · 11-3 · vs Zilveti/Kerr · w/ Naveen Beasley · model expected 58% of points 2024-04-10 PPA · 11-7 · vs Hur/Kuo · w/ Naveen Beasley · model expected 58% of points 2024-04-10 PPA · 11-7 · vs Hur/Kuo · w/ Naveen Beasley · model expected 58% of points 2024-04-12 PPA · 5-11 · vs Emmrich/Rosa · w/ Naveen Beasley · model expected 34% of points 2024-04-12 PPA · 0-11 · vs Emmrich/Rosa · w/ Naveen Beasley · model expected 34% of points 2024-04-13 PPA · 5-11 · vs Ignatowich/Kong · w/ Rachel Rettger · model expected 45% of points 2024-04-13 PPA · 11-9 · vs Ignatowich/Kong · w/ Rachel Rettger · model expected 45% of points 2024-04-13 PPA · 2-11 · vs Ignatowich/Kong · w/ Rachel Rettger · model expected 45% of points 2024-05-29 PPA · 10-12 (OT) · vs Jr/Bohnert · w/ Claudio Quinones Garcia · model expected 29% of points 2024-05-29 PPA · 9-11 · vs Jr/Bohnert · w/ Claudio Quinones Garcia · model expected 29% of points 2024-06-05 PPA · 7-11 · vs Beasley/Biakina · w/ Matthew Ginn · model expected 31% of points 2024-06-05 PPA · 2-11 · vs Beasley/Biakina · w/ Matthew Ginn · model expected 31% of points 2024-06-08 PPA · 0-11 · vs Wang/Buckner · w/ Sabrina Guillebeaux · model expected 18% of points 2024-06-08 PPA · 2-11 · vs Wang/Buckner · w/ Sabrina Guillebeaux · model expected 18% of points 2024-06-08 PPA · 11-5 · vs Cai/Wannachinda · w/ Sabrina Guillebeaux · model expected 63% of points 2024-06-08 PPA · 11-2 · vs Cai/Wannachinda · w/ Sabrina Guillebeaux · model expected 63% of points 2024-06-24 PPA · 6-11 · vs Tauber/Yi · w/ Naveen Beasley · model expected 49% of points 2024-06-24 PPA · 8-11 · vs Tauber/Yi · w/ Naveen Beasley · model expected 49% of points 2024-06-25 PPA · 10-12 (OT) · vs Goldberg/Cederquist · w/ Sabrina Guillebeaux · model expected 30% of points 2024-06-25 PPA · 0-11 · vs Goldberg/Cederquist · w/ Sabrina Guillebeaux · model expected 30% of points 2024-11-04 PPA · 4-11 · vs Kenna/Byun · w/ Claudio Quinones Garcia · model expected 48% of points 2024-11-04 PPA · 10-12 (OT) · vs Kenna/Byun · w/ Claudio Quinones Garcia · model expected 48% of points 2024-11-05 PPA · 11-7 · vs Khurana/Landgraf · w/ Jenna Hessert · model expected 60% of points 2024-11-05 PPA · 11-3 · vs Khurana/Landgraf · w/ Jenna Hessert · model expected 60% of points 2024-11-06 PPA · 3-11 · vs Tuionetoa/Dizon · w/ Jenna Hessert · model expected 16% of points 2024-11-06 PPA · 5-11 · vs Tuionetoa/Dizon · w/ Jenna Hessert · model expected 16% of points 2025-01-06 PPA · 12-10 (OT) · vs Gecheva/Johns · w/ Yuta Funemizu · model expected 35% of points 2025-01-06 PPA · 11-9 · vs Gecheva/Johns · w/ Yuta Funemizu · model expected 35% of points 2025-01-06 PPA · 11-0 · vs Litvinov/Garza · w/ Yuta Funemizu · model expected 61% of points 2025-01-06 PPA · 11-8 · vs Litvinov/Garza · w/ Yuta Funemizu · model expected 61% of points 2025-01-06 PPA · 4-11 · vs Eugenio/Turkovic · w/ Audrey Adele Brown · model expected 32% of points 2025-01-06 PPA · 0-11 · vs Eugenio/Turkovic · w/ Audrey Adele Brown · model expected 32% of points 2025-01-07 PPA · 7-11 · vs Wright/Kovalova · w/ Yuta Funemizu · model expected 30% of points 2025-01-07 PPA · 4-11 · vs Wright/Kovalova · w/ Yuta Funemizu · model expected 30% of points 2025-02-18 PPA · 13-15 (OT) · vs Blake/Ticknor · w/ Monica Paolicelli · model expected 60% of points 2025-02-18 PPA · 8-11 · vs Blake/Ticknor · w/ Monica Paolicelli · model expected 60% of points 2025-02-18 PPA · 7-11 · vs Caliri/Goins · w/ Yuta Funemizu · model expected 58% of points 2025-02-18 PPA · 6-11 · vs Caliri/Goins · w/ Yuta Funemizu · model expected 58% of points 2025-03-07 PPA · 6-11 · vs Newman/Frantova · w/ Carlos Di Laura III · model expected 28% of points 2025-03-07 PPA · 2-11 · vs Newman/Frantova · w/ Carlos Di Laura III · model expected 28% of points 2025-03-08 PPA · 0-11 · vs Jansen/Kovalova · w/ Lauren Hidalgo-Smith · model expected 18% of points 2025-03-08 PPA · 2-11 · vs Jansen/Kovalova · w/ Lauren Hidalgo-Smith · model expected 18% of points 2025-03-14 PPA · 9-11 · vs Ingram/Newcombe · w/ Juan Benitez · model expected 42% of points 2025-03-14 PPA · 3-11 · vs Ingram/Newcombe · w/ Juan Benitez · model expected 42% of points 2025-03-15 PPA · 1-11 · vs Kawamoto/Schneemann · w/ Zoeya Khan · model expected 18% of points 2025-03-15 PPA · 0-11 · vs Kawamoto/Schneemann · w/ Zoeya Khan · model expected 18% of points 2025-03-29 PPA · 2-15 · vs Truluck/Wei · w/ Zalina Giometti · model expected 23% of points 2025-03-29 PPA · 11-9 · vs Rizzo/Godwin · w/ Zalina Giometti · model expected 64% of points 2025-03-29 PPA · 11-5 · vs Rizzo/Godwin · w/ Zalina Giometti · model expected 64% of points 2025-03-29 PPA · 12-10 (OT) · vs Long/Venta · w/ Zalina Giometti · model expected 39% of points 2025-03-29 PPA · 4-11 · vs Long/Venta · w/ Zalina Giometti · model expected 39% of points 2025-03-29 PPA · 6-11 · vs Long/Venta · w/ Zalina Giometti · model expected 39% of points 2025-03-29 PPA · 15-12 · vs Dunlap/Elliott · w/ Zalina Giometti · model expected 53% of points 2025-03-30 PPA · 4-11 · vs Hee/Berg · w/ Ryan Dawidjan · model expected 44% of points 2025-03-30 PPA · 11-5 · vs Hee/Berg · w/ Ryan Dawidjan · model expected 44% of points 2025-03-30 PPA · 8-11 · vs Hee/Berg · w/ Ryan Dawidjan · model expected 44% of points 2025-03-30 PPA · 15-6 · vs Kohutova/Watson · w/ Ryan Dawidjan · model expected 67% of points 2025-03-30 PPA · 5-15 · vs Johanson/Rosner · w/ Ryan Dawidjan · model expected 41% of points 2025-04-05 PPA · 11-2 · vs Umannova/Teague · w/ Felicity Di Laura · model expected 72% of points 2025-04-05 PPA · 11-0 · vs Umannova/Teague · w/ Felicity Di Laura · model expected 72% of points 2025-04-05 PPA · 11-6 · vs Khan/Funaro · w/ Felicity Di Laura · model expected 48% of points 2025-04-05 PPA · 11-5 · vs Khan/Funaro · w/ Felicity Di Laura · model expected 48% of points 2025-04-05 PPA · 11-4 · vs Hendershot/Yeh · w/ Felicity Di Laura · model expected 53% of points 2025-04-05 PPA · 11-0 · vs Hendershot/Yeh · w/ Felicity Di Laura · model expected 53% of points 2025-04-06 PPA · 3-11 · vs Long/Leung · w/ Jose Martinez · model expected 47% of points 2025-04-06 PPA · 11-2 · vs Long/Leung · w/ Jose Martinez · model expected 47% of points 2025-04-06 PPA · 6-11 · vs Long/Leung · w/ Jose Martinez · model expected 47% of points 2025-04-06 PPA · 15-13 · vs Yeh/Garcia · w/ Jose Martinez · model expected 51% of points 2025-04-06 PPA · 11-7 · vs Tam/Chen-An · w/ Jose Martinez · model expected 51% of points 2025-04-06 PPA · 2-11 · vs Tam/Chen-An · w/ Jose Martinez · model expected 51% of points 2025-04-06 PPA · 11-8 · vs Tam/Chen-An · w/ Jose Martinez · model expected 51% of points 2025-04-06 PPA · 8-11 · vs Funaro/Seagraves · w/ Jose Martinez · model expected 47% of points 2025-04-06 PPA · 7-11 · vs Funaro/Seagraves · w/ Jose Martinez · model expected 47% of points 2025-04-06 PPA · 11-3 · vs Kuragami/Bernard · w/ Jose Martinez · model expected 71% of points 2025-04-06 PPA · 11-4 · vs Kuragami/Bernard · w/ Jose Martinez · model expected 71% of points 2025-05-11 PPA · 9-15 · vs Mulhern/Vollbach · w/ Bret Berryman · model expected 40% of points 2025-05-11 PPA · 15-10 · vs Williams/Zion · w/ Bret Berryman · model expected 57% of points 2025-05-11 PPA · 11-3 · vs Petropouleas/Centonze · w/ Bret Berryman · model expected 50% of points 2025-05-11 PPA · 11-9 · vs Petropouleas/Centonze · w/ Bret Berryman · model expected 50% of points 2025-05-11 PPA · 4-11 · vs Gordon/Gordon · w/ Bret Berryman · model expected 51% of points 2025-05-11 PPA · 11-6 · vs Gordon/Gordon · w/ Bret Berryman · model expected 51% of points 2025-05-11 PPA · 10-12 (OT) · vs Gordon/Gordon · w/ Bret Berryman · model expected 51% of points 2025-05-11 PPA · 16-14 (OT) · vs Wang/Sternlieb · w/ Bret Berryman · model expected 60% of points 2025-05-13 PPA · 5-11 · vs Kim/Wei · w/ Patrick Smith · model expected 34% of points 2025-05-13 PPA · 9-11 · vs Kim/Wei · w/ Patrick Smith · model expected 34% of points 2025-05-13 PPA · 7-11 · vs Funaro/Khan · w/ Rachel Summers · model expected 45% of points 2025-05-13 PPA · 8-11 · vs Funaro/Khan · w/ Rachel Summers · model expected 45% of points 2025-06-17 PPA · 4-11 · vs Alshon/Tuionetoa · w/ Jhonnatan Medina Alvarez · model expected 19% of points 2025-06-17 PPA · 7-11 · vs Alshon/Tuionetoa · w/ Jhonnatan Medina Alvarez · model expected 19% of points 2025-06-17 PPA · 11-8 · vs Nemoff/Rives · w/ Jhonnatan Medina Alvarez · model expected 45% of points 2025-06-17 PPA · 11-2 · vs Nemoff/Rives · w/ Jhonnatan Medina Alvarez · model expected 45% of points 2025-06-18 PPA · 2-11 · vs Wei/Long · w/ Audrey Adele Brown · model expected 20% of points 2025-06-18 PPA · 0-11 · vs Wei/Long · w/ Audrey Adele Brown · model expected 20% of points 2025-09-09 PPA · 5-11 · vs Caruso/Harvey · w/ John Cincola · model expected 39% of points 2025-09-09 PPA · 4-11 · vs Caruso/Harvey · w/ John Cincola · model expected 39% of points 2025-09-09 PPA · 5-11 · vs Grigoriu/Banada · w/ Polina Libo · model expected 38% of points 2025-09-09 PPA · 8-11 · vs Grigoriu/Banada · w/ Polina Libo · model expected 38% of points 2025-11-04 PPA · 4-11 · vs Laura/Dow · w/ Chuck Taylor · model expected 36% of points 2025-11-04 PPA · 9-11 · vs Laura/Dow · w/ Chuck Taylor · model expected 36% of points 2025-11-05 PPA · 3-11 · vs Ansboury/Ampon · w/ Christine Trifunovic · model expected 36% of points 2025-11-05 PPA · 6-11 · vs Ansboury/Ampon · w/ Christine Trifunovic · model expected 36% of points 2025-12-13 PPA · 11-6 · vs Safdar/Safdar · w/ Rachel Summers · model expected 40% of points 2025-12-13 PPA · 15-13 (OT) · vs Safdar/Safdar · w/ Rachel Summers · model expected 40% of points 2025-12-13 PPA · 11-4 · vs Malloy/Borowsky · w/ Rachel Summers · model expected 76% of points 2025-12-13 PPA · 11-3 · vs Malloy/Borowsky · w/ Rachel Summers · model expected 76% of points 2025-12-13 PPA · 0-11 · vs Kalsarieva/Wei · w/ Rachel Summers · model expected 25% of points 2025-12-13 PPA · 3-11 · vs Kalsarieva/Wei · w/ Rachel Summers · model expected 25% of points 2025-12-14 PPA · 4-15 · vs Woog/Cole · w/ Louis Laville · model expected 33% of points 2025-12-14 PPA · 15-8 · vs Loyd/Okelley · w/ Louis Laville · model expected 54% of points 2025-12-14 PPA · 9-11 · vs Wang/Gordon · w/ Louis Laville · model expected 52% of points 2025-12-14 PPA · 5-11 · vs Wang/Gordon · w/ Louis Laville · model expected 52% of points 2025-12-14 PPA · 8-15 · vs Ulery/Cole · w/ Rachel Summers · model expected 37% of points 2025-12-14 PPA · 16-14 (OT) · vs Werbeck/Werbeck · w/ Louis Laville · model expected 53% of points 2025-12-14 PPA · 11-2 · vs Maalouf/Rios · w/ Louis Laville · model expected 70% of points 2025-12-14 PPA · 11-5 · vs Maalouf/Rios · w/ Louis Laville · model expected 70% of points 2026-01-20 PPA · 3-11 · vs Hovenier/Christian · w/ Daniel Phillips · model expected 23% of points 2026-01-20 PPA · 2-11 · vs Hovenier/Christian · w/ Daniel Phillips · model expected 23% of points 2026-02-10 PPA · 3-11 · vs Devidze/Mogle · w/ Chuck Taylor · model expected 28% of points 2026-02-10 PPA · 4-11 · vs Devidze/Mogle · w/ Chuck Taylor · model expected 28% of points 2026-02-21 PPA · 8-11 · vs Pretorius/Wynne · w/ Darinka Tiboldi · model expected 41% of points 2026-02-21 PPA · 11-7 · vs Pretorius/Wynne · w/ Darinka Tiboldi · model expected 41% of points 2026-02-21 PPA · 11-9 · vs Pretorius/Wynne · w/ Darinka Tiboldi · model expected 41% of points 2026-02-21 PPA · 3-15 · vs Newman/Emmrich · w/ Darinka Tiboldi · model expected 29% of points 2026-02-21 PPA · 9-11 · vs Rives/Gecheva · w/ Darinka Tiboldi · model expected 30% of points 2026-02-21 PPA · 3-11 · vs Rives/Gecheva · w/ Darinka Tiboldi · model expected 30% of points 2026-02-22 PPA · 4-15 · vs Dagnall/Minniefield · w/ Rodrigo Yoshikata · model expected 41% of points 2026-02-22 PPA · 15-9 · vs Rettke/Cook · w/ Rodrigo Yoshikata · model expected 62% of points 2026-02-22 PPA · 15-3 · vs Gonnering/Beck · w/ Rodrigo Yoshikata · model expected 51% of points 2026-02-22 PPA · 6-11 · vs Alto/Gordon · w/ Rodrigo Yoshikata · model expected 50% of points 2026-02-22 PPA · 11-5 · vs Alto/Gordon · w/ Rodrigo Yoshikata · model expected 50% of points 2026-02-22 PPA · 5-11 · vs Alto/Gordon · w/ Rodrigo Yoshikata · model expected 50% of points 2026-02-22 PPA · 15-6 · vs Laywell/Johnson · w/ Rodrigo Yoshikata · model expected 66% of points 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 2024 2025 2026 win loss model expectation share of points
Splits
year tour W–L
win% avg score 2024 PPA 17–33 34% 6.8–9.7 2025 PPA 37–52 42% 8.0–9.3 2026 PPA 6–11 35% 7.5–9.9
5–6
deciding games (PPA winner-take-all)
8–6
overtime games (past the target)
24
blowout wins (opponents ≤5)
+1
current streak (+W / −L)
Singles
-3.1 (-4.8…-1.1)
pts vs avg active women’s singles player (90%)
rated
26 pro singles games
8–18
singles record · last 2026-02
Full singles ratings →
Partners
Chemistry = pair effect beyond the two players' values, in
points per game; almost everything here is honest noise — no pair in the
sport clears statistical significance (why ).
Recent games
date tour partner
opponents score vs exp
2026-02-22 PPA · mixed Rodrigo Yoshikata Laywell/Johnson 15-6 +6% 2026-02-22 PPA · mixed Rodrigo Yoshikata Alto/Gordon 5-11 -19% 2026-02-22 PPA · mixed Rodrigo Yoshikata Alto/Gordon 11-5 +19% 2026-02-22 PPA · mixed Rodrigo Yoshikata Alto/Gordon 6-11 -15% 2026-02-22 PPA · mixed Rodrigo Yoshikata Gonnering/Beck 15-3 +32% 2026-02-22 PPA · mixed Rodrigo Yoshikata Rettke/Cook 15-9 +0% 2026-02-22 PPA · mixed Rodrigo Yoshikata Dagnall/Minniefield 4-15 -20% 2026-02-21 PPA · womens Darinka Tiboldi Rives/Gecheva 3-11 -8% 2026-02-21 PPA · womens Darinka Tiboldi Rives/Gecheva 9-11 +15% 2026-02-21 PPA · womens Darinka Tiboldi Newman/Emmrich 3-15 -12% 2026-02-21 PPA · womens Darinka Tiboldi Pretorius/Wynne 11-9 +14% 2026-02-21 PPA · womens Darinka Tiboldi Pretorius/Wynne 11-7 +20%
Put Tatiana in the simulator →
Unofficial fan analytics based on public results data —
not affiliated with any tour. Every number that has an error bar shows it;
cross-gender rankings are never published as fact (why ).
Model: Bayesian, 36k games, validated 77.4% winner accuracy on 884 unseen
games · data through 2026-10-15.